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Without marker data, models for ug are typically based on the infinitesimal or polygenic model.
Suh et al. (2013) reported more than 92.1% recovery of background of recurrent parent Mangeumbyeo in BC3F5 with phenotypic selection without marker assisted background selection (MABS) during introgression of three bacterial blight resistance genes.
For each cell line, the subpopulations expressing cancer stem cell markers exhibited tumorigenic ability different from that of cells without marker expression.
Computer simulations in tomato predicted that an MABS approach can recover up to 99% of the RPG in just three BC cycles compared to the 100 cycles required without marker selection [3].
We also did the analysis without marker 23 (see Discussion).
While without marker data individuals A19 and A20 have a posterior probability of being carriers equal to 0.6667, with marker data the probability is close to one.
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Without markers the risk was reduced by 50%.
Tracking based techniques recognize objects through markers or directly real world objects without markers.
Sometimes it's an issue of norms and guidance, such as setting anonymisation standards to help make companies comfortable to release data sets without markers that identify contributors.
The map constructed with the peach 'Earlygold' was characterized by fragments with high marker density followed by regions without markers, in contrast with the almond × peach maps that had a relatively homogeneous distribution of markers.
However, without markers, these values fell to 47% and 15%, respectively, indicating that movement variability cannot be assessed objectively in no-marker conditions.
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