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While observational studies cannot provide explanations for the relationships observed, they do provide information that is complementary to that of randomized clinical trials [ 15].
While observational proof for black holes is hard to come by, alternatives can be ruled out or confirmed to exist through precision gravitational wave observations.
While observational studies of Milky Way halo stars have sought to place constraints on the formation of the Galactic halo, disentangling the relative contributions of such different formation mechanisms has proven to be difficult.
While observational before after studies are considered the industry standard for developing crash modification factors (CMFs), there are practical limitations that may preclude their use in highway safety analysis.
While observational studies show them quite effective, less direct research supports their success so far.
While observational evidence shows beneficial effect of aPC on mortality reduction, RCTs failed to identify any such treatment effect.
Similar(17)
We suggest that such investigations, while often observational, may improve the applicability of the findings and their utility for decision-making.
For RCTs, the publication year was used, while for observational studies the midpoint of the observed period was taken, as these studies included data over a longer time period.
While some observational studies have suggested a protective effect of metformin on incident cancer, concerns about potential bias remain.
Here's why: While some observational studies have linked chocolate consumption to reductions in heart disease and dementia, they don't establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
While the observational theories share common features, the differences between them are quite as striking as the similarities, thus it will be necessary, even in this introductory sketch, to examine them to some extent separately.
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