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2. If ν2 -2π) ≠ 0, the origin of system (2.2) is called 1-order weak focus.
So, when condition (3.3) holds, the origin of system (1.7) is a 12th-order weak focus.
So λ13 ≠ 0, the origin of system (1.2) is a 13-order weak focus.
So when condition in Theorem 4.1 holds, the origin of system (1.1) is a 11th-order weak focus.
They proved that nine limit cycles could bifurcate from the origin when the origin is a weak focus of order eight.
In this section, we will prove that the perturbed system of (1.2) can generate 13 limit cycles enclosing an elementary node at the origin when the three-order nilpotent critical point O 0,0) is a 13-order weak focus.
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The stability of the weak focuses associated to such bifurcation is examined according to the sign of the first Lyapunov value, showing that chaotic behavior can arise when the first Lyapunov value is varied harmonically.
So (P_{1,2}(pmvarepsilon,0)) of (5.1) are fine foci when (deltaneq0), and weak foci or centers when (delta=0).
So (P_{1,2}(pm varepsilon,0)) of (3.6) are fine foci when (delta neq 0), and weak foci or centers when (delta =0).
It was used to prevent the exposure of substrates to the weak focusing shots at the beginning of the process before achieving strong focusing action.
Interestingly, the ALKM1166R mutant gave rise to weak foci formation in NIH3T3 cells in comparison with the ALKF1174I mutant, which displayed robust foci formation (Table 1).
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