The velocities and temperatures of warm matter, however, should offer astronomers more clues of what to look for in surveying the sky or conducting experiments in particle physics.
In addition to the growing evidence for existence of extrasolar planets, space-based observatories designed to detect infrared radiation have found more than 100 young nearby stars (including Vega, Fomalhaut and Beta Pictoris) to have disks of warm matter orbiting them.
"Most days I wake up and think, 'What was I thinking yesterday?' " Britt's grunginess belies a warm matter-of-factness, at least when describing her journey.
And in person, during an interview in the mezzanine bar of the Paramount Hotel near Times Square, she came across as warm, matter-of-fact and seemingly without vanity, her conversation punctuated by big, generous laughs.
Candidates need to know that clean energy and global warming matter to voters -- matter so much, in fact, that some lawmakers will lose their jobs because they didn't act boldly enough.
Ms. Heinzerling is now the agency's lead attorney for global warming matters.
"Every extra bit of warming matters, especially since warming of 1.5°C or higher increases the risk associated with long-lasting or irreversible changes, such as the loss of some ecosystems," added Hans-Otto Pörtner, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group II.
As IPCC Chair Dr. Hoesung Lee put it: "Every bit of warming matters".
"Every bit of warming matters," Hoesung Lee, the chairman of the IPCC, said at a press conference in South Korea on Monday.
Concerning laser absorption, two different models for the electron ion collision frequency are implemented to cover the regime of warm dense matter between high-temperature plasma and solid matter and also interaction with short-wave-length (VUV) light.
If so, instead of clumping, the researchers report in tomorrow's issue of Science, this warm dark matter would have stretched into filaments thousands of light-years long and weighing as much as millions of suns.
