Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSimilar(60)
According to Condoravdi's (2002) analysis and as already indicated in 2a above, the temporal perspective for might is valued by the topmost PRES.
The temporal perspective of a modal is the time against which the modal is evaluated, and the temporal orientation is the temporal reference of the prejacent of the modal with relation to the temporal perspective.
Further, we extend the concept of similarity in a second dimension, the temporal perspective.
The temporal perspective of the non-root modal is determined by what immediately scopes over it.
In this scenario, the time of preparation can be understood as the temporal perspective of keneng.
That is, the temporal perspective of keneng is still present relative to the past belief timeg.
Stephenson (2007) posited that because can shift the temporal perspective of a modal.
For the two readings, either the temporal perspective or the temporal orientation of the non-root modal is located in the past of the speaker's utterance time.
This is not surprising, because the temporal shifting operator reng, after working on PRES, has a vacuous effect on the temporal perspective of keneng.
Thus, its semantic derivation, which can be realized by assuming the Kratzerian framework of modal semantics, involves no temporal shifting of the temporal perspective.
After the temporal perspective of the non-root modal is back-shifted, it cannot receive an epistemic reading any more, because the epistemic reading necessarily requires a temporal perspective anaphoric to the speaker's utterance time.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com