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Theoretical derivations under this evolution model avoid the intensive computations required to evaluate the likelihood values at each location.
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In order to understand the real character of bubble evolution, we evaluate parameters of this evolution under conditions of experiment [3].
Therefore, the questions on how terrestriality was acquired beside the streamlets and which climatic factors enabled this evolution under such cold climates remain to be elucidated.
Under this scenario evolution proceeds in two steps, with specialists first acquiring new hosts at a fitness cost which is ultimately alleviated by the spread of compensatory mutations (Agudelo-Romero et al. 2008).
Under this view, evolution of the influenza virus HA is, largely, driven by positive selection.
This is because the space of divergence free vector fields is invariant under the evolution of (1.11).
Under this model, the evolution of F/V-ATPases was concomitant with the evolution of modern, complex, ion-tight membranes from primordial, semi-permeable membranes [ 37].
Under this assumption, the evolution of pathogens would be subjected to a tradeoff between virulence and transmission [8].
Under this assumption, the evolution could require an update upon a mutation (see the Materials and Methods section for details).
Under this model of evolution, two diverging lineages have the same set of covarions immediately after divergence but, with time passing, the overlap between the sets of covarions progressively decreases.
The distribution of this waiting time under random evolution is easily obtained and, therefore, we can compute a p-value for the observed survival time.
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