We then reconcile that observation with a variety of doctrines - including the political question doctrine, the enrolled bill doctrine, and the rational basis test - that seem to authorize the courts not to enforce or to "under-enforce" existence conditions.
Because of the involved legal complexity, they may prefer to under-enforce copyrights.
To be Chinese, then, is to live under enforced amnesia, a medicated slumber of propaganda.
Although nearly all of Uzbekistan's 24 million people are Muslims, the population is overwhelmingly secular and has little interest in life under enforced fundamentalism.
Instead he was confined to an isolation chamber and held there for over a month, under enforced sleep deprivation, until he agreed to sign papers saying that he was ill before coming to Iraq and thus not eligible for disability and medical benefits.
Then Nicholson read my article in The Nation, the story of Sergeant Chuck Luther, who had been badly wounded by mortar fire while serving in Iraq, then held in a closet by the U.S. Army for over a month, under enforced sleep deprivation, until he agreed to sign papers saying he was ill before Iraq and thus not eligible for benefits.
Flour beetles (Triboleum castaneum) were maintained for 39 generation either under enforced monogamy or polyandry.
Crudgington et al. [ 25] found males evolved under male biased operational sex ratio to be more harming to their mates relative to males evolved under enforced monogamy.
Moreover, Rice and Holland [ 50] have show that evolution of harming ability of males (under enforced monogamy) was not associated with a change in body size.
In addition, for populations that have evolved under enforced monogamy we subsequently reverse the selection pressure back to the ancestral promiscuous state and again investigate how reproductive output is affected, demonstrating that our results are unlikely to be due to inbreeding.
They found that females evolving under enforced monogamy may have elevated investment in somatic rather than reproductive processes, but in contrast to Hollis et al. expression profiles of those females were less feminized, which is likely due to qualitative differences between the two species in the costs of mating for females.
