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Two SDM algorithms (GAM and Maxent, see Materials and Methods) were used for comparison purposes.
The preliminary feedback loops were refined in two SDM workshops as well as in meetings with individuals and organizations involving > 30 stakeholders.
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Figure 6 shows the bit loading masks of all the four SDM channels.
In this way, all the four SDM channels were tested individually to verify the high spatial diversity.
Despite this, the data rate of 356.3, 312.5, 323.8, and 343.1 Mbit/s is achieved for the four SDM channels, respectively.
Figure 5 illustrates the resultant BERs as a function of the modulation order for all the four SDM channels together with the constellation diagrams of the received data.
Before transmission performance assessment of the fisheye-lens-based SDM system, the frequency characteristic of the electro-optical-electrical (EOE) channel was firstly measured, and Fig. 4 illustrates the normalized EOE channel responses for all the four SDM channels.
a Channel 1. b Channel 2. c Channel 3. d Channel 4. Finally, it should be noted that although the demonstrated SDM VLC system consists of only four SDM channels, it is feasible to be extended to more channels since the optical signals from different channels can be always clearly separated by the fisheye lens.
In order to verify that high spatial diversity can be obtained and that the interchannel interference can be effectively alleviated, we compared the BER performance in the two cases where (i) only one Tx was operational with the other three LEDs illuminating and (ii) all the four SDM channels were operational simultaneously to transmit different signals.
In one SDM, predictors were used aiming to mirror the physiological limits of the Slider turtle.
The predictions of the seven SDM were then combined into a single ensemble model prediction by weighting each prediction by the performance of its source model, a procedure called ensemble modeling (EM) recognized as producing significantly more robust predictions than all the single models alone [ 38- 42].
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