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Any two MUL-trees with the same information content have the same MRF.
Computing the RF distance between two mul-trees is NP-complete.
We show that any two MUL-trees with the same information content exhibit the same reduced form.
Ganapathy et al. [ 34] gave a worst-case exponential time algorithm for computing the RF distance between two mul-trees.
As Figure 2 illustrates, two mul-trees T 1 and T 2 such that Σ (T 1 ) = Σ (T 2 ) may not be isomorphic.
Our contributions are as follows: We study the problem of computing the RF distance between two mul-trees, and show that it is NP-complete (Theorem 1).
Let T = (T, φ ) and S = (S, ϕ ) be two mul-trees, on X and Y, respectively, such that and have matching label multiplicities.
Since any two MUL-trees with the same information content have the same MRF, rather than comparing MUL-trees directly, we can instead compare their MRFs.
We prove that it is NP-hard to compute the RF distance between two mul-trees; however, it is easy to calculate this distance between a mul-tree and a singly-labeled species tree.
The Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance between two mul-trees T 1 and T 2 with identical label sets and matching label multiplicities, denoted by RF (T 1, T 2 ), is defined as the minimum number of contractions and refinements necessary to transform T 1 into another mul-tree isomorphic to T 2 [ 33, 34].
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