Figure 4c revealed that the redox peak current of the RT NP-modified CPEs increase significantly compared to the other two CPEs.
The contribution of the two CPEs is clearly seen as the overlapping arcs at low and high frequencies.
The circuit models the impedance of the fuel cell membrane, interface, and catalyst layers; incorporating two CPEs to account for the behavior of the anode membrane interface and catalyst layer of the fuel cell.
The model incorporates two CPEs to account for the behavior of the anode and cathode of the fuel cell in addition to (R_{0}), which represents the electrolyte resistance, ({R_{1},R_{2}}) which represent activation resistance of the anode and cathode, respectively, and ({C_{1},alpha _{1},C_{2},alpha _{2}}) which define the impedance of the electrical double layer.
However, this Cluster VI also included two cpe-negative strains.
PCR assays were then performed to detect the carriage of representative genes present on four completely sequenced C. perfringens plasmids, including two cpe-encoding conjugative plasmids (pCPF4969 and pCPF5603) [14], a beta2 toxin gene-encoding plasmid (pCP13) [9], and a UV inducible bacteriocin gene-encoding plasmid (pIP404) [15] (Table 1).
To definitively establish the presence or absence of eno, virS, pfoA tcpH, cna, and soj ORFs Southern blot assays were performed (Table 2) using ten chromosomal cpe strains, twelve plasmid cpe strains, two cpe-negative strains, and also a Clostridium tertium food isolate (as a negative control).
In contrast, a PCR survey for three genes present on pCP13 (soj, parB, and topA) amplified a positive reaction for ten of eleven chromosomal cpe strains and for eleven of twelve plasmid cpe strains.
Another fractional model is given in Fig. 1b, which is composed of a series resistor and three CPEs.
This model incorporates nine circuit elements, including an inductor, four resistors, three CPEs and a Warburg impedance with an impedance given by: begin{aligned} Z s)=sL_{0}+R_{0}+frac{1}{s^{0.5}C_{W}}+sum _{i=1}^{n=3}frac{R_{i}}{s^{alpha _{i}}R_{i}C_{i}+1}.
