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Hordeum vulgare, Triticum diccocon, Triticum spelta and Panicum miliaceum were the dominant cereal crops.
In the conventional field (CNV), inorganic fertilizer was the only nitrogen (N) source, but in the organic fields (ORG), a legume cover crop, red clover (Trifolium pratense), was frost-seeded into a winter grain (spelt, Triticum spelta), and then incorporated in spring as a N source for the subsequent maize plants (Zea mays).
In a mapping population of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Forno') and its relative spelt (Triticum spelta 'Oberkulmer') contrasting for biomass, the dry weight of above-ground whole shoots and different organs, and leaf area, were analysed at GS39 (full flag leaf emergence) and anthesis.
Long beloved in Italy, farro (triticum dioscum) is misunderstood here, and is often assumed to be the same as its almost identical twin spelt (triticum spelta).
The Triticum spelta line 2255 was originally obtained from the Australian Winter Cereals Collection (Tamworth).
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The crop rotation of the organic dairy farming system included: (1 and 2) 2 years of CG, 3. winter wheat (T. aestivum) + CC, 4. corn (Zea mays L). at 80% of the area and potatoes (S. tuberosum) at 20% of the area, 5. winter rye (Secale cereale L). + CC, 6. spring peas (P. sativum) + CC, 7. spelt (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta) and 8. spring wheat (T. aestivum) with under-sown CG.
The different domesticated wheat cultigens (cultivated species) evolved from hybridization events between wild and cultivated species (to form Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta) or selections from either wild (T. monococcum subsp. monococcum and T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum) or domesticated species (T. aestivum and T. turgidum subsp. durum).
Like at other mid-altitude mountain sites in Switzerland and in bordering countries (Austria, Italy), barley (Hordum vulgare) was the most common crop, followed by other cereals (Triticum dicoccon, Tr. spelta, cf. Tr.aestivum/turgidum, cf. Panicum miliaceum), pulses (Pisum sativum, cf. Vicia faba beginning in the Iron Age) and oil-producing plants (Linum usitatissimum).
Cheyenne 5A) [CS(Ch5A)] and the freezing-sensitive Chinese Spring (Triticum ae. ssp. spelta 5A) [CS(Tsp5A)], were used in the experiments [ 47- 49].
As the NILs and the NIL-derived population used for fine mapping in this study were all obtained from crosses between bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L). and T. spelta genotypes [ 9, 22], the relatively distant genetic relatedness between the parental genotypes likely contributed to the reduced linkage distances obtained in this study.
Farro della Garfagnana contains the AABB genome, unlike the widely used 'modern' common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) or the rarely cultivated spelt (Tritium spelta), which have the AABBDD genome [ 4].
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