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In addition to PBP, mutation or other non-PBP elements are also important, especially in the formation of PRSP (28, 29 ).
Although we did not find significant changes in PBP serum levels of disease subjects compared to controls, the acid form of PBP suggests that the PBP mobility shift in 2D maps might be related to PBP post-translational modifications, e.g. protein phosphorylation state, more than to PBP quantitative differences (Table 3, Table S1) [34].
PPARγ activity is necessary for the viability specifically of ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells, in a similar manner to PBP and NR1D1 (Kourtidis A, unpublished data; Carkner RD, Eifert C, Brosnan MJ, Conklin DS; Figure 1a).
One particular combination of substitutions predominated (D350N, S357N, M377I, S385T, L389F, N526K) – corresponding to PBP 3 Group III in the classification scheme described by Dabernat et al. [ 13], accounting for 58.3% (91/156) of the isolates (Table 2).
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However, a specific biochemical function has only been assigned to PBP-2B (FtsI in E. coli), which catalyzes the transpeptidation reaction during synthesis of new peptidoglycan for the growing cell wall [16].
Many metazoan organisms including humans harbor proteins that share sequence similarity to PBP-βLs [ 9].
LACTB is a mammalian protein comprised of a mitochondrial import sequence and a domain sharing sequence similarity to PBP-βLs (human LACTB, [Swiss-Prot: P83111]).
Binding of cephalosporins to PBPs results in the inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin G, bind to PBPs in the bacterial cell wall.
Apparent in our annotation (Table 13) is a wide array of microbial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that have an affinity for β-lactam antibiotics that by binding to PBPs prevent bacteria from constructing a cell wall.
Second, we only considered resistance caused by decreased affinity to PBPs, although other mechanisms may contribute to increase resistance (27, 28 ), and we used the same mathematical description for all genetic events leading to resistance, i.e., point mutations and genetic material transfer (29 ) because this is supported by experimental observations (30 ).
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