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These initiators are covalently attached using the various functionalization reactions developed for small molecules, including acid-defect group chemistry and side-wall functionalization of CNTs.
These initiators include inositol requiring-1 α (IRE-1 α), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor-6 α (ATF-6 α), which promote correct folding and eliminate faulty protein.
(The term catalyst may be used with these initiators because, unlike free-radical initiators, they are not consumed in the polymerization reaction).
Under solvent free conditions these initiators typically achieved 41 60% conversion after 24 h.
The poly tBA)s obtained with these initiators were rich in syndiotactic diad as observed by 1H NMR analysis.
From these initiators, brushes of poly methacrylic acid) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) were grafted in one step by free-radical polymerization.
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To address the role of these initiator proteins in the procentriole stability, we performed the procentriole stability assay described in the previous section after the partial depletion of hSAS-6 and CPAP by RNAi.
These initiator proteins interact with helicases to recruit the DNA primases.
Caspase-3 is subsequently cleaved and activated by these initiator caspases, whereupon the process of apoptosis is irreversible.
Both of these initiator caspases lead to downstream activation of executioner caspase-3 or -7, which triggers cell apoptosis [ 34].
The expression of both full-length caspase-8 and −9 was significantly reduced thus confirming the involvement of these initiator caspases in apoptosis induction.
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