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The primal problem in (8)–(11) can be expressed in a Lagrangian formula.
The primal problem of CQSCO is given by min f ( x ) = 1 2 〈 x, Q ( x ) 〉 + 〈 c, x 〉 s.t.
This represents the primal problem and provides a kinematic description of the collapse state.
We first derive a dual problem of the primal problem to demonstrate that there is no duality gap between them.
The main result of the paper establishes a rigorous equivalence between infeasibility of the primal problem and existence of a solution of the dual problem.
We further develop a solution algorithm based on the Lagrangian decomposition for the primal problem and a space-time prism based method to reduce the solution search space.
This is especially relevant in inverse problems, when one needs to solve the partial differential equation (the primal problem) many times in an optimization algorithm.
The minimization of the energy of the primal problem as well as the minimization of the energy of the dual problem with respect to a design function lead to the primal and dual material residuals, respectively.
In this paper, the Lagrangian multipliers are introduced to decompose the primal problem into a hydro subproblem and many individual plant-based subproblems, which are respectively solved by the improved simplex-like method (SLM) and the dynamic programming (DP).
We present a duality theory that converts the primal problem of selecting concentrations of species to make a pathway feasible to its dual problem of selecting linear combinations of reactions that make the pathway infeasible.
thus obtaining a solution to the primal problem (9) accordingly.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com