In conclusion, we showed that, in EEC, nuclear p-Ser-ERα was strongly positively correlated with p-MAPK and p-S6K1.
In this study we identified that, in EEC, nuclear p-Ser-ERα is the result of cooperation between mTOR/S6K1 and MAPK/RSK signaling pathways, and indicates development of advanced disease carrying a poor prognosis.
Consistent with previous reports showing that many EECs express a variety of regulatory hormones (41), D-cells also expressed transcripts for Pyy, Ppy, Iapp, Gip, and Cck, albeit at low levels.
Compared with early EECs, EEC of both Stages III and IV are closer to EpiSCs to a similar extent, suggesting the re-expression of EpiSC features in late EECs.
However, we did not rule out the possibility that certain late EECs may arise from an independent rapidly progressing cancer utilizing stemness molecular pathways.
The intestinal mucosa consists of the epithelium, which is composed of diverse epithelial cells (including stem cells, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) that release gut peptide hormones or serotonin, absorptive enterocytes and mucus-secreting goblet cells) and underlying connective tissue that is richly supplied with nerve fibres, associated glial cells, blood vessels and immune system cells.
Consistent with quantitative RT-PCR results, SeV-induced type I IFN production was significantly inhibited by EAV exposure since VSV-GFP replication was detected at a lower level compared to that from EECs only infected with SeV.
Both basal ERE activity and the increased ERE activity that occurred when TERT-EEC were treated with E2, IL-1β or E2 + IL-1β were abolished by the presence of the ER antagonist, ICI 182720.
20 This evoked powerful pERK responses in a large number of EECs, indicating that there are different pathways involved in aromatic AA and MCFA sensing in different cell types.
