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We have previously observed that CIAT 899 is able to use octopine as a source of carbon and nitrogen (E. Martínez-Romero, unpublished data).
Therefore, it seems reasonable to propose that CIAT 899, CFN 299 and PRF 81 belong to the same symbiovar that here we designate as tropici.
Analysis of genes involved in stress response showed that CIAT 899 and PRF 81 are well equipped to cope with low pH, high temperatures and also with oxidative and osmotic stresses.
Genome sequencing revealed that CIAT 899 and PRF 81 share a highly-conserved symbiotic plasmid (pSym) that is present also in Rhizobium leucaenae CFN 299, a rhizobium displaying a similar host range.
It was previously shown that CIAT 899 carry teu genes in pRtrCIAT899a which encode a putative sugar-uptake ABC transporter that is induced by root exudates of common bean and M. atropurpureum, and that is required for nodulation competitiveness [ 157].
Our results are consistent with the report that CIAT 899 produces of a high number of Nod factors in the presence of nod-gene-inducing molecules [ 27- 30], which provides a better understanding of the control of Nod-factor biosynthesis, and which, in R. tropici, does not follow the classical pathway mediated by flavonoids.
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It was noteworthy that one accession, CIAT 6013, was very productive under both drained and waterlogged soil conditions (Fig. 1).
Also unique are the observations that R. tropici CIAT 899 is capable of producing LCOs under abiotic stresses such as acidic and saline conditions in the absence of plant-molecular signals [ 20– 23], and interestingly, some LCOs are produced even in the absence of saline stress and flavonoids [ 23].
For this purpose we used a subset of 12 B. humidicola germplasm accessions from a total set of 66 accessions held in the gene bank of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) that in a preliminary study showed less damage in terms of leaf senescence and leaf chlorophyll content under waterlogged conditions (Rincón et al. 2010).
Andrew Jarvis, Leader of the Decision and Policy Analysis Program at CIAT, says that, while chocolate and coffee are not crucial to our survival, studying the impact of climate change on them makes sense, because they can help raise awareness about climate change by "hitting people's soft spots".
Figure 3 shows that nodD2 gene of CIAT 899 is positioned in a different cluster from the other nodD genes, showing full similarity with the nodD2 of R. freirei PRF 81, that belongs to the " R. tropici group" [ 38].
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