Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB) and Sesamia nonagrioides (MCB) are two maize stem borers which cause important losses in temperate maize production.
Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB) and Sesamia nonagrioides (MCB) are two maize stem borers which cause important losses in temperate maize production, but QTL analyses for corn borer resistance were mostly restricted to ECB resistance and maize materials genetically related (mapping populations derived from B73).
Due to its origin in tropical and subtropical regions, rice is more sensitive to cold stress than other cereal crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L). and barley (Hordeum vulgare L .. Therefore, in temperate areas, the production of rice is severely limited by cold stress (Xie et al. [2012]).
In temperate forests, fruit production, and thus the availability of rotting fruit, is highly seasonal, whereas in the tropics fruiting, and thus the production of rotted food sources, is near-continuous (Willson 1991; Ting et al. 2008).
In contrast, antibiotics are not used either as prophylactic agents or as growth promoters in temperate water aquaculture production in Europe and North America (Alderman and Hastings, 1998).
Iron deficiency is a problem of high pH soils in certain bean temperate or dryland production regions but is not generally a problem in tropical countries with low pH soils.
In temperate forests, the production and release of organic acids by plant roots and microbes (Attiwill and Adams 1993; van Hees et al. 2005) or the proton input by nitrification, oxidation of organic sulfur and acid rain can foster the dissolution of carbonate and CO2 degassing from the soil solution.
At the same time, domestic organic production of temperate zone products (mostly vegetables) and greenhouse production (peppers, tomatoes and cucumbers) is catching up, stimulated through Government policy with subsidies for the conversion period.
For example, CBB is a serious seed-borne disease that can cause over 40% yield loss in both temperate and tropical bean production regions [ 44].
Despite the great wood quality of E. globulus for pulp production, its temperate origin implies poor adaptation to highly productive tropical environments where E. grandis is the species of choice, making this latter one the most widely planted Eucalyptus species.
