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In spite of above works, very few works are found in literature dealing with the optimal process parameter selection based on simultaneously minimization of tool vibration amplitudes during cutting as well as surface roughness average values of the workpiece.
Table 1 shows the surface roughness (average roughness (Ra) and RMS roughness (Rq)) for the Pt film and PtNCs, respectively.
Open image in new window Fig. 2 Surface roughness average (Ra): the arithmetic mean roughness of all points from a plane (centre line) fitted to the test surface .
The tibial implant consisted of a modular titanium baseplate and cruciate stem with a grit-blasted titanium surface with a surface roughness average (Ra) of 6.8.
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The surface roughness (arithmetic average roughness) of the parts is 0.0002 mm.
Examination of the morphology of our samples in obtaining surface roughness and average grain size showed that both surface roughness and average grain size increase with annealing temperature (see Tables 3 and 4).
They explained that this apparent conflict could be resolved when the ratio of the average surface roughness to the average particle diameter was accounted for.
Surfaces with roughness average (Ra) value in the range of 0.1 1.6 μm are usually obtained by surface-finishing operation like grinding.
A surface analyzer (Time TR200, Beijing, China) was calibrated at a sample length of 0.8 mm, 4.0 mm percussion of measure, and 0.5 mm/s and was used to measure the surface roughness (Ra-average roughness) of the resins.
Root mean square (rms) and average surface roughness as well as average grain size of the samples were obtained from the 2D AFM images using Nova and JMicroVision Codes, respectively.
Surface roughness, pores and average particle size were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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