The class of problems dealing with surface reinforced elastic media is encountered in many areas of materials engineering, notably in connection with surface layers that are used to provide protection to an otherwise softer substrate.
I drew it on a flat surface, reinforced it, and stood it up.
This illustrates the enhanced and sustained signalling provided by the Tol-BMP-ST surface reinforced cell regulator cues that drive the temporal control of cell phenotype.
In conclusion, even if these strains of L. monocytogenes were not able to form thick multilayer biofilms, it was noticeable their high persistence on abiotic surfaces, reinforcing the need to focus on measures to avoid biofilm formation, instead of trying to eradicate mature biofilms.
Companies, too, have silent killers working below the surface — mutually reinforcing barriers that block strategy implementation and organizational learning.
Finally, after building forms, pouring concrete, grinding and sealing the surface and reinforcing the cabinets to hold the gigantic slabs, we moved them into place with the careful precision of nine men carrying, say, their future bride's 700-pound wedding cake.
This study examines the effectiveness of a reactive vitreous enamel coating on the surface of reinforcing steel on bond strengths and microstructural interactions with a geopolymer-based binder.
However, if an RC structure is exposed to chlorides, as is common when highway bridges are exposed to de-icing salts, chloride ions can penetrate the concrete cover and reach the surface of reinforcing bars.
It is assumed that the corrosion process of the reinforcement starts when the chloride concentration of free chloride ions in concrete at the surface of reinforcing bars ((x = d_{text{c}})) reaches the threshold chloride concentration, which means (C_{text{f}} (x,t)) reach the value of (C_{text{cr}}).
Since there is significant uncertainty associated with the threshold chloride concentration and the concentration of free chloride ions at the surface of reinforcing bars, it may be more appropriate to use a probabilistic approach to predict the time to corrosion initiation as well as the distribution of the corrosion initiation time.
