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Surface hardness and traction were also measured.
Surface hardness and substrate hardness increase with deformation increasing.
Surface hardness increases substantially after ion nitriding.
Surface hardness was approximately 22 GPa and its reduced elastic modulus around 180 GPa.
Surface hardness was drastically increased, relative to the initial hardness of bulk steel.
Surface hardness and electrical resistivity were also measured.
Surface hardness after the various processes is given in Fig. 7.
Surface hardness was determined using a Vickers micro-hardness tester at 0.1 kgf, after five trials per one.
White D J, Kozak K M, Zoladz J R, Duschner H, Götz H. Peroxide interactions with hard tissues: effects on surface hardness and surface/subsurface ultrastructural properties.
Addition of chromium increases the surface hardness of blades.
Distortion, residual stress, average surface hardness and standard deviation of surface hardness are regarded as the optimization objectives.
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