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Despite this universal property of tumors, many outstanding questions remain, including whether the order of the successive alterations is critical to cellular transformation and how mutations in cancer pathways cooperate in the course of the disease.
However, this view has been challenged by studies that suggest parallel evolution of cancer cells in distant sites such that cancer cells acquire successive alterations after their spread [ 3].
These include successive alterations of chromosomally located genes by either homologous recombination or point mutations, resulting in a stepwise modification of the molecular targets, which first leads to reduced susceptibility and eventually to complete resistance (21, 22 ).
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A cultural landscape is the successive alteration over time of the material habitat of a sedentary human society responding with growing strength and variety to the dynamic challenges of nature, the society's own needs and desires, and the historical circumstances of different regions in different times.
The coast of Alexandria has been subjected to successive engineering alterations since 1998.
as a result of successive genetic alterations (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000).
AML arises from the clonal evolution of a hematopoietic progenitor cell that acquires successive genetic alterations.
ATO/BSO-induced mitochondrial apoptosis is caused by successive BIMEL alterations consisting of phosphorylation, dissociation from MCL1, and interaction with BAX.
The neoplastic progression of CRCs mostly follows a mucosa-adenoma-carcinoma step-by-step pattern, which is accompanied by an accumulation of successive genetic alterations (e.g., APC, KRAS/BRAF, and TP53) [ 2– 5].
London's largest airport, Heathrow, opened in 1946 in the south of the borough and has undergone successive expansions and alterations.
In general, short-term HRV rMSSD (root mean square of successive difference) reflects alterations in autonomic tone that are predominantly vagally mediated (Kleiger et al. 1995).
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