The monitor, Noelle C. Brennan, who was appointed by a federal judge last month, said in a preliminary report filed in Federal District Court that she had found improper political influence in hiring and promotions and that Mayor Richard M. Daley's office of intergovernmental affairs had substantial involvement in hiring and promotion decisions, the report said.
He also carried a substantial foreign affairs portfolio.
Nor do we have here a precedent 'around which, by the accretion of time and the response of affairs, substantial interests have established themselves.' Helvering v. Hallock, supra, 309 U.S. at 119, 60 S.Ct., at 451.
Free association, as defined in the compacts, gave the republics full internal self-government and substantial authority in foreign affairs but vested the United States with full responsibility and authority for their defense for a number of years.
"Control is never completely black and white," Mr. Meisel said, adding that it is also possible that a sponsor with a minority presence on the board can exert substantial influence over the affairs of the building by gaining the allegiance of one or more of the other members of the board.
For example, instead of claiming virtually exclusive power over foreign policy for the presidency, as some of the Bush legal team's memorandums did, Mr. Barron's opinion emphasized that Congress wields substantial authority over foreign affairs — even though this particular statute went too far, it argued.
However, the move had been widely expected and is unlikely to bring any substantial change, BBC Arab affairs analyst Sebastian Usher reports.
Obama seems to be saying that it is not the place of the USA to act arbitrarily, and that agreement with other nations about intervention in Libyan affairs requires substantial international consensus before acting.
The King was allowed substantial power in military affairs, but was given little independent power in any other sphere, which was instead given to the elected chambers.
