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Prior to that, however, the central government will need to rein in subnational finance and the "shadow banking" through which local governments have splurged on infrastructure and real estate spending in the last few years.
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Through a joint effort between the IBRD and the International Finance Corporation, the Bank offers financing to subnational entities either with or without sovereign guarantees.
District reports provide regular data on health service provision, morbidity and mortality (including immediate reporting of notifiable diseases), but are also the basis for national and subnational data on infrastructure, health workforce, financing, etc.
Here, I have focused on institutions and policies that deserve particular attention in the areas of accountability, anti-corruption and public finances, at the national and subnational levels.
This new approach can advance subnational REDD+ baselines and reference emission levels, considered crucial for verifiable emission reductions and forest carbon finance efforts.
Similarly, subnational coordination structures in Kyrgyzstan lacked authority primarily because CSOs working in HIV/AIDS were not financed by - and were therefore not accountable to - these structures [ 28, 29].
As Table 4 illustrates, in parallel to growing numbers of donors and initiatives financing HIV/AIDS programmes, new HIV/AIDS coordination structures have been introduced at national and subnational levels.
The dependence of local public finances on Mexico in relation to the public resources transferred by the federal government presents a great challenge to the financial viability of subnational governments.
Includes subnational data for China.
The so-called "subnational projections" are issued every two years.
Allows one to search for subnational contributions.
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