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So, prevalence of any factor that is associated with these conditions will be higher in the study sample than in the general obstetric population.
But it's difficult to diagnose the inflammatory component without a liver biopsy, so prevalence estimates are inaccurate.
UK Biobank was not designed to be a fully representative population sample so prevalence estimation is precluded.
Country of birth is not captured in routine HBV surveillance so prevalence of HBV infection in immigrants to the UK by country of birth is unclear.
Individuals with mild symptoms may not seek treatment and physicians may not confer an official diagnosis of TS on children out of concern for stigmatization; children with milder symptoms are unlikely to be referred to specialty clinics, so prevalence studies have an inherent bias towards more severe cases.
SO prevalence was even estimated as 18% in women and 43% in men, and also increasing with age.
Similar(44)
Further, schools were purposely selected to be located near major roadways, so prevalences of self-reported exposures cannot be readily compared with the present study.
The mental health information system is a population based case register of service contacts so these prevalence rates represent the active prevalence of having been treated for a psychiatric condition by mental health services in the previous five years.
If so, our prevalence estimates would represent a lower limit, and the true prevalence may be higher than estimated.
Because 95% of the study participants were male, there were insufficient data to infer the presence of sex differences, and so HCV prevalence in female PWID was assumed to be identical to prevalence in male PWID.
Influenza is not a reportable disease, so its prevalence must be estimated.
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