While the actual force profile also exhibits significant oscillation, the dominant frequencies of this oscillating force component were found to be independent of cutting and non-cutting instances, and hence could be imposed as a uniform background signal.
However, the three significant oscillation frequencies of the lift coefficient appear to have almost constant values.
The characteristic values of the hydrodynamic forcing in terms of the drag and lift coefficients and the three significant oscillation frequencies extracted from the temporal variation of the forcing signals are associated with the flow regimes and wall proximity.
Moreover, a significant oscillation of quasi-biennial period is visible in LF reflection heights, indicating a reaction of the midlatitude mesosphere/lower thermosphere region on the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation.
A huge amount of significant oscillation results has been collected in several excellent monographs, see, e.g., [1, 2, 16, 21].
The appropriate degree of damping depends on mesh size and must be introduced in order to obtain reliable numerical solutions; weak damping leads to significant oscillation and strong damping to artificially low rupture speeds and low slip rates.
The simulation results illustrate that sediment particles, pore water, and microorganisms within a few millimeters of burrow walls experience significant oscillation in pH (as much as two pH units) and dissolved oxygen concentration (between saturation and near anoxia) whereas such oscillation is absent at the water/ sediment interface.
An early study of the time dependence of V. fischeri luminescence found no significant oscillation or pulsing in the luminescence output at frequencies 0.01 10 Hz, although it did not investigate the low frequency behavior (∼10−3 Hz) studied here [24].
