The choice of this foreign sequence is crucial as a very strong antibody response towards it may compromise the anti-self immune response.
Investigation of MHC class I endogenous antigen processing and presentation is important for understanding non-self immune recognition, vaccine design, immune evasion by pathogens and tumours, and elucidation of the mechanisms of certain auto-immune diseases.
Increasing evidences point out that dendritic cells are not only crucially involved in the initiation of anti-self immune response but are also essential for the maintenance of autoimmune lesions in inflammatory myopathies.
The proteins encoded by the classical HLA class I and class II genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are highly polymorphic and are essential in self versus non-self immune recognition.
There has yet to be any evidence of "anti-self" immune response or autoimmunity caused by HCP contaminants, however, based on ample evidence of anti-self immune responses in the literature (Fig. 2), the presence of these HCP contaminants may lead to autoreactivity.
An important take-away message is that the CHO genome contains many proteins that are substantially dissimilar to the human genome from the T cell epitope standpoint, and thus inherently pose some risk of triggering anti-self immune responses.
We conclude that sufficiently large domains of T6S-sensitive individuals can survive attack and potentially outcompete self-immune T6S+ bacteria.
To examine the ecological role of T6S among bacteria, we competed self-immune T6S+ cells and T6S-sensitive cells in simulated range expansions.
Taken together these results clearly indicated that self-immune tolerance is maintained and regulated by multiple mechanisms, including similarity with self-antigens, regulatory immune cells, a suppressive versus activating cytokine balance and immune checkpoints.
17 Tregs can suppress other effector T cell activities to prevent body damage by the self-immune cells.
