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Through the blunt trailing-edge modification, the lift coefficient and the maximum lift-drag ratio obviously increase for rough airfoil, and the sensitivity of airfoil to roughness height is reduced.
The results show that for the electro-osmotic flows in homogeneously charged rough channels, the flow rate does not vary with the roughness height or the interval space monotonically.
Fractal geometry was introduced to model the rough surface, and the roughness was characterized by two parameters, namely, relative roughness height and fractal dimension.
Results indicate that the sensitive roughness height of suction surface is 0.5 mm, and the pressure surface is insensitive to the roughness height.
The relative roughness height was 0.123 and the relative roughness pitch was 12.5.
Variation in roughness height along the considered bed feature is also discussed for a particular experiment.
The pressure gradient over the horizontal bend increases gradually with the increase of roughness height.
The pressure drop is much smaller when the roughness height is zero.
The Reynolds number, relative roughness pitch (P/e) and relative roughness height (e/D) are chosen as design variables.
The influence of roughness becomes increasingly important when the roughness height lies in the fully turbulent regime.
The onset of roughness effects occurs at a maximum peak to trough roughness height, k+t, of ∼10.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com