In Minnesota, the Rove Formation area shows a relationship of bedrock to topography, with its valley-and-ridge landscape.
A topographic map shows that the majority of the interconnected complex of tightly packed lakes with their valley-and-ridge landscape is primarily in Minnesota; the border of the landscape is the Minnesota-Canadian border.
The ridge-slough landscape of the Everglades Floridaa, USA), is characterized by elevated ridges dominated by sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) interspersed among deeper sloughs dominated by floating, submerged and emergent macrophytes and calcareous periphyton.
We assessed the performance of a suite of spatial-pattern metrics selected to quantify the condition of the ridge-slough landscape in the Everglades (South Florida, USA).
On mid-slope and ridge top landscape positions, where semidesert shrubs now dominate, the proportion of plants with C4 metabolism calculated from mass balance mixing formulas decreased from approximately 60% as recently as 400 years BP to only 1.5% observed today.
Field observations herein provide new insights into the characteristics of these transverse-to ice-flow ridges at landscape (mapping and spatial analysis) and landform (internal structure using high-resolution shear wave (S-wave) seismic reflection surveys, sedimentological characteristics, clast-fabric analyses) scales.
Despite significant research on these interactions, few studies have examined the hypothesis that the ridge-slough landscape consists of spatially coupled alternative stable patch states, and none has used diagnostic indicators thereof to assess landscape resilience to hydrologic change.
A numerical model has been developed to simulate the spatiotemporal patterning of the ridge and slough landscape in wetlands, characterized by crests (ridges) and valleys (sloughs) that are elongated parallel to the direction of water flow.
In other places, ridges in the landscape shaped water into scouring torrents, causing further damage to fields and roads.
Its formation and development are highly controlled by the ridge-and-valley landscape dominant in the east of Saudi Arabia.
Landscape indices were developed to quantify the spatial complexity of the ridge and slough landscape and to detect thresholds for deteriorating or deteriorated patterns.
