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Retrospective methods address problems after they have occurred, rather than preventing them prospectively.
Two categories of technique can be used to address this problem: retrospective gating and prospective gating.
Retrospective studies have such problems as recall of previous environmental exposure, selection bias and survivor bias.
Previous studies are retrospective, leading to problems with lead-time (earlier detection results in a longer follow-up until event, even if the disease progression is the same) and length-time bias (slower growing tumours will be more easily detected, since they are detectable over a longer time period).
How, then, could it possibly be of benefit to protect tomorrow's children by taking a retrospective approach to the problem of FAS, criminalising women who have delivered a baby after a pregnancy in which they drank to excess, and possibly even those who have yet to give birth?
Moreover, this kind of question and the restriction to one year could minimize recall bias, a serious problem of retrospective surveys.
For retrospective studies the main problem is accuracy of retrospective reporting.
Missing data is a common problem in retrospective studies and may introduce bias into the results.
Our implementation addresses the problem of retrospective testing and user-friendly flowchart representation of the clinical logic.
This potential underestimation is an intrinsic problem of retrospective health facility based studies that might have resulted in a systematic bias in observed trends.
5 Another limitation stems from recall bias, a common problem in retrospective surveys, which leaves some injuries unreported, particularly those with less severe consequences.
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