The international rules are expected to be exceedingly weak, with virtually all of the airplanes flying today making the grade, which means ICAO is unlikely to deliver any real reductions on greenhouse gas emissions.
Crossrail, increasing rail capacity and more local control of bus services, the list of Labour action on sustainable transport goes on: real programmes right now making a real difference to carbon emission reductions and improving people's lives.
The institute's director, Paul Johnson, said reductions under Labour would be "quite a lot less" but could involve big cuts in the first couple of years after the election and would leave the country with a deficit of up to £30bn – while the Tories would eliminate it altogether.
Australia's aid cuts also show a shift in spending geographically, with countries in the Pacific either escaping cuts (in nominal terms) or only facing small reductions in aid.
Australian negotiators in Lima have been arguing against an amendment made two years ago in Doha about the exclusion of deforestation from the definition on emissions – a technical fight which could increase the emission reductions Australia needs to make by 2020 by a 2%.
These meagre reductions are too little too late and must be increased to help hard-pressed consumers struggling with their energy bills this winter".
Consequently, it has been through a variety of changes, including staff reductions, home delivery cutbacks and a switch of format.
To me, you do the two at the same time... you make painful but necessary reductions and in another area you look at growth-enhancing measures".
At the Copenhagen climate summit in 2009, Brazil showcased a significant voluntary target that delivered real CO2 reductions from controlling deforestation.
Reductions in dugong and turtle populations in the reef have been linked to seagrass meadows becoming damaged or receding in area.
A combination of softness in the economy and reductions in MGNREGA expenditures (declines of 3 and 36% in the last two years) have played a key role.
