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independent realizations, and, in the equation, where denotes a different realization.
Figure 3 includes both the raw estimate, and the estimate after monotonic smoothing, as suggested by Solow (1993).
Fattal developed a way to create a raw estimate of the transmission and then employed a refinement step to improve the transmission estimate.
Soon afterwards, another unique method called the dark channel prior (DCP) by He et al. [9] supported the ability to infer a raw estimate of t using a single image with fog present.
The raw estimate (hat {n}) is approximated by employing first-order binomial approximation into Equation 1, P_{text{tr}} ={np}_{text{wu}}+{mp}_{text{ap}}-{mnp}_{text{ap}}p_{text{wu}} (25).
They found that (1) modeled long-term correspondence between the two (SST and marine BL cloud) is similar to seasonal correspondence among the CMIP models and (2) models with realistic SST cloud relationship compared with observations on seasonal timescale tend to have larger long-term positive cloud feedback, suggesting a higher ECS than the raw estimate from the CMIP models.
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Many ecological indices convert raw estimates of a variable into a score, and combine scores for multiple variables into a total score.
Biodiversity valuation indices, for example, convert raw estimates of variables thought to be surrogates for habitat attributes into a quantitative expression of biodiversity value for use in market-based conservation policies.
We also calculated raw estimates of sulfide concentrations assuming a pH of 6.5 (that is, corresponding to an equimolar concentration of H2S and HS− in seawater), reflecting a median value in the pH range measured in immersed wood logs with borers, following transfer to the aquarium.
Raw estimates and estimates including entire set of controls are presented.
The raw estimates show that gender-based specialization is lower in intermarried households, for men and women.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com