The created mathematical model can explain the 0.90 proportion of the total variability in Ra, arithmetical average surface roughness parameter.
The surface roughness, presented with a roughness parameter, Ra, and the topography of the tested surfaces were both measured and imaged by an atomic force microscope (AFM).
The interfacial shear strength increases almost linearly with the mean slope and was also found to increase with an increase in the 2D surface roughness parameter, Ra.
The results showed that the hydrophilicity of PLLA films was improved after treatment and the surface roughness, presented with a roughness parameter, Ra, increased from about 20 nm to between 40 and 200 nm.
Geometric size parameters of well-defined micro structures were explicitly included in the correlation of present model, which was then extended to include randomly roughened surfaces based on the equivalent geometric sizes obtained from roughness parameter, Ra.
The concentration has been set on the mathematical modeling of the specific cutting energy (Esp) and the average surface roughness parameter (Ra) in end milling of hardened AISI 4140 steel under the use of MQL.
In this regard, this study presents the modeling and investigation of average surface roughness parameter (Ra) with respect to spindle speed (N), feed rate (f), depth of cut (ap) and time (t) gap between MQCL pulsing in turning ∼60 Rc steel.
Unlike crystalline and amorphous oxide substrates, the mean roughness parameter, Ra, of the MgF2 substrate is large.
The roughness parameter (Ra) values were compared for statistical significance using the Student t test in SPSS software version 20 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).
In our case, flat surface with roughness parameter Ra = 0.02 μm has high wear rate in boundary lubrication, while samples with much more coarse (0.3 to 2.6 μm), but directed variations of surface profile, demonstrate almost no wear.
