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In other cases, they result from unequal weighting of information, in particular, the tendency to pay greater attention to cases when both a presumed cause and a presumed effect are both present than the other three cases (this can also be seen as an example of the well-documented confirmation bias).
In future studies, a longitudinal design with data collected at different points over time would allow a better determination of the relationship between the presumed cause (i.e., sexual aggression) and the presumed effect (i.e., mental health problems).
Increased biomechanical stress caused by different factors (weight, social rank, standing time) is a presumed effect that leads to an increased susceptibility for hoof diseases.
Because indices of landscape greenness are increasingly being used to relate wildlife population demographics to precipitation through a presumed effect on forage quality and resultant nutritional condition, we caution this use in arid environments unless a direct landscape greenness-forage quality or greenness-condition link is demonstrated.
The presumed effect on the incidence of skin cancer would also be dramatic.
We could only infer their existence by looking at their presumed effect on the surrounding universe, the way light bends and such.
Similar(29)
But some of the other presumed effects are not so clear.
Content analyses and studies of control of media industries are typically designed against a backdrop of presumed effects of messages on behavior.
Nonetheless, the papers reporting reduced rates of each illness usually included fascinating sections proposing possible mechanisms of such effects, related to the presumed effects of estrogen on derangements in brain chemistry.
They find, counter to the presumed effects of insider trading, that these excess returns are not due to the timing of transactions, but to the superior selection of which local firms to invest.
By investigating LBA in a field-study based on ESM utilizing participants' own smartphone devices this study corroborates the presumed effects of location- semi congruency on marketing relocation- semi congruency
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