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Positive mutations that occurred later in the domestication process may be absent from the wild gene pool or early landraces, but would be ubiquitous among more recently developed cultivars.
A MAF threshold of 1.6% was adequate to eliminate false positive mutations in control genomic DNA when the input material was at least 10 ng (Supplementary Fig. S1b).
By analyzing the changes in the DNA, they have been able to distinguish positive mutations, those selected because they are good or adaptive, from negative or harmful mutations.
Additionally, the structural effects of the positive mutations were investigated to analyze the structural basis for the enzyme substrate specificity with the target substrate.
Model-free approaches (error-prone PCR to introduce random mutations, DNA shuffling to combine positive mutations, and high throughput screening of the resultant mutant libraries) have been used to enhance the catalytic activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
24 Positive mutations were then verified by direct automatic sequencing.
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The positive mutation detection is achieved with a wild-type to mutant ratio of 5000 1.
As low as 0.86 fM mutant DNA was detected by this assay, and positive mutation detection was achieved with a wild-type to mutant ratio of 10,000 1.
The fact was that Dámaso Funes must have harbored a mutation in his genes, a positive mutation, superior, progressive, nothing at all like the ones that had given us the faceless infant and all the other horrors that paraded through the door of the clinic day in and day out.
In addition, the positive mutation detection was achieved with a wild-type to mutant ratio of 10 000:1, due to the high fidelity of DNA ligase in differentiating mismatched bases at the ligation site.
The mutation rate and the positive mutation rate were calculated based on Eqs. 2 and 3, respectively.
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