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The minnow of Europe and northern Asia is Phoxinus phoxinus, a slim, small-scaled fish typical of clean streams and rivers.
We tested this prediction with European minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, in a large, seminatural stream channel using a fully factorial design in which habitat complexity and predation risk were manipulated independently.
In our laboratory study, we examined how exposure to playback of noise originally recorded from ships, a prevalent source of human-generated underwater noise, affects the feeding behaviour of two sympatric fish species: the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and the European minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus.
In silverside (Menidia menidia) [12], and minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) [23], shoaling is not observed just after hatching and physiologic mechanisms for shoaling are formed during post hatching development.
European minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, conditioned to recognise predatory pike, Esox lucius, or non-predatory tilapia, Tilapia mariae, subsequently responded to pike odour with a stronger antipredator response than to tilapia [20].
Such a situation has been reported for the minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), another cold-adapted rheophilic freshwater fish species [ 49].
Similar(47)
The redbelly daces (Phoxinus) are well-known, with a southern (P. erythrogaster) and northern (P. eos) species.
In 1938 Austrian biologist Karl von Frisch introduced an injured minnow (Phoxinus) into a school of the same species and observed that the school rapidly retreated and appeared very frightened.
The existence of hybrid Phoxinus was not widely known until recently [13], and many existing sampling records of Phoxinus do not mention any hybrids.
Hybrid Phoxinus, which are sperm-dependent asexuals, are widely distributed in Algonquin Park.
Hybrid Phoxinus are one of the few asexually reproducing vertebrates species.
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