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I am worried about our tendency to adopt a fatalistic, pessimistic perception of history.
Several previous studies have contributed to a pessimistic perception by observing that the inflows are mainly used for food and current expenses (for a review, see Chami et al. ( 2003 )).
In this sense our study offers novel findings about the gender stereotypes associated to the use of technology, in contrast to previous research which has emphasized a technophobic and pessimistic perception of how women relate to technologies, closely tied to the exclusion paradigm (Vergés, 2012).
What can be identified in the light of these results, and drawing a comparison with our prospects, is: on the one hand, the pessimistic perception of Spaniards who live in a country with a very recent history of dramatic terrorist attacks—and, on the other hand, the optimistic perception of Finnish youngsters born in a country with no terrorist threats or military conflicts whatsoever.
In our study women who had family history of breast cancer had a pessimistic perception.
The study population of women who were highly educated, working, married or divorced tended to show a pessimistic perception about their breast cancer risk.
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We utilized the catastrophizing subscale that measures helplessness and pessimistic cognitions related to pain perception.
There are conflicting results about the perceptions of women, either optimistic or pessimistic, and the effects of concern and risk perception about cancer on their screening behaviors.
Still, the curator's intention is to resist the pessimistic images that have dominated western perception of the continent, and her selection celebrates the hybrid diversity of the post-apartheid art scene.
That is, whether optimistic or pessimistic, individuals tended to have similar perceptions of progress toward all of their different goals.
The lack of negative appraisal of unfamiliar Chinese characters supports neither an amplifying bias [ 39], i.e. persons with hypochondriacal attitudes exaggerate the interpretation of sensations including basic sensory perceptions, nor a general pessimistic view.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com