Congregations look for elders who have a mature enough understanding of scripture to enable them to supervise the minister and to teach, as well as to perform "governance" functions.
Beyond the mere recognition of people as important health system actors, the multi-level governance framework situates the activities of non-government health system actors within defined levels of governance, given that they often perform governance functions, especially at the PHC level in LMICs.
The approach based on the four effective governing practices helps the provincial and district health coordination committees perform their governance roles and responsibilities in a more effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable manner.
The paper also shows that at a time when the quality of traditional sell-side research was scrutinised, the investment professional association and constituents of the investing public, through their arguments and discourses, constructed analysts as the 'specialists' having the imperative and credibility to perform corporate governance integration.
Second, it can perform a governance function within the value chain to improve coordination of business activities by actors and reduce transaction costs.
An implication of this is that it might be extremely difficult for the 22 countries without a national health research agenda to effectively perform their governance role of ensuring that all health research actors harmonize and align their research with the national health priority needs.
But Longstaff said the ethics centre board, which performs a governance role, was deliberately drawn from a diverse cross-section of the community.
Meanwhile, rating agencies and audit companies performed oversight governance by providing basic guidelines on collateral content and CDO structure and signing prospectuses, respectively, to ensure that investors (who buy CDOs) are protected (Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, 2011).
AO performed the governance literature review, and SD and AO drafted the manuscript.
Further research should also explore how context influences the capacity of government and non-government actors to perform health system governance roles.
"It makes it so that, if one country is not performing as well as another country, people are going to the one that is performing better — competitive governance is what I'm calling it," Tim Draper, a venture capitalist at the Silicon Valley firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson and one of Estonia's leading tech boosters, says.
