Based on initial observations, some scientists think that this warm region near the south pole may have persisted for billions of years, sufficient time for life to arise.
Based on initial observations, NASA scientists estimated the probability of an impact at 2.7 percent.
This study follows up on initial observations of Egyptian cotton-field workers (Farahat et al. 2010).
Based on initial observations in mouse ESCs, two states of pluripotency were defined, an earlier one occurring in normal embryonal development termed "naïve" versus a "primed" state (Nichols & Smith, 2009).
Calculation of sample size was based on initial observations (10 cases in each group) and the hypothesis that postoperative PCEA will shorten the time to tracheal extubation by 90 min compared with the control group.
The assay was based on initial observations that fish from domesticated strains tended to spend more time near the surface and at the front of the aquarium nearest human technicians while wild fish tended to be found at the back and near the bottom of the aquarium.
An alternative method of resuspension was by means of an electronic multichannel pipette (EDP®3, Rainin, CA) fitted with 1.0 +/− 2.5% mm id tips and located as above and programmed, based on initial observations of cell dispersion, to withdraw and redispense over a period of ∼2 min for 110 times, 500 μL of suspension at 500 μL/s (0.65 m/s).
This exciting but rather heretic hypothesis was based on initial observations showing that senescent phenotype requires cell growth [ 8, 9]and that, unlike ectopic p21 expression or DNA damage by doxorubicin, p53 induction caused quiescence instead of senescence in some cells [ 10].
On the basis of initial observations in the pilot sections between Spring 2011 and Spring 2012, we designed new course materials, adapted existing ones, and piloted and refined materials and course design.
Stage 1 (Passive Clinic Observations) - On the initial observation day at a site, the RA spent the first 1-2 hours passively observing the clinic to become familiar with the immunization processes as well as the specific core immunization tasks that each staff member was responsible for at that site.
