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The findings indicate that PWS may be altering vocal fold vibration duration to obtain fluency during this rhythmic speech style, and that vocal fold vibration duration may have an impact on speech naturalness during rhythmic speech.
Lai Yi-chieh, a student who plans to work in public relations after her internship at a multinational firm this year, can speak English but said that doing more to help students obtain fluency would be worthwhile.
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A very good agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical curves was obtained in the fluency region.
Similar results were obtained on the fluency measures.
For WF, the ANOVA revealed a main effect of Sex, F 1, 128) = 9.25, p = .003, η = .07, d = 0.53, indicating that women obtained higher verbal fluency scores than men.
They all tend to be slower in picture naming tasks, to obtain lower scores on verbal fluency tasks (Gollan et al. 2002), to show slower semantic fluency (Gollan et al. 2002), and to experience more interference in lexical decision (Ransdell and Fischler 1987).
As mentioned previously, we have proposed using word frequencies obtained from measures of verbal fluency as a measure of spreading activation in lexical and semantic memory networks.
Word fluency measures were obtained from the Regensburg Word Fluency Test (RWT) [ 1] and a design fluency task (production of non-recurrent figures) was added.
This secondary analysis utilized blood samples and cognitive scores (learning, memory, executive function, verbal fluency, and processing speed) obtained at baseline and three-month follow-up of the RCT.
Using the same reasoning, we have proposed that design frequency obtained from a measure of design fluency might then be used as a measure of spreading activation in visuospatial memory networks.
The issue is particularly contentious in Estonia and nearby Latvia because those countries generally require fluency in their languages to obtain citizenship.
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