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At the largest scale, many of the dialogues have total numbers of lines that are multiples of 12. Dividing whole texts by 12, Kennedy found "positive concepts" in the dialogues coinciding with harmonious intervals of Pythagoras's scale, and negative concepts at dissonant intervals.
In this way, negative concepts can be formed by reflecting on acts of negative judgement.
Brentano admits, however, that for practical reasons it may be convenient to use negative concepts, e.g., for simplifying inferences.
But can one form such negative concepts merely by thinking of an object that appears not to be great, without judging about its greatness?
We have already seen how Brentano uses this distinction for separating judgement and presentation, and for analysing A-judgements without invoking negative concepts.
Furthermore, when expressing negative concepts, people are inclined to use the negation of a positive expression to alleviate sentiments, instead of using negative expressions directly.
Similar(41)
Utopia began from this pessimistic assumption, and one could argue that it has remained on some level a negative concept.
In its modern form, dating from Victorian times, leisure's a negative concept: it's defined in contrast to work, as non-work - the time we gain, as a result of earning money, that we don't need to spend earning money.
The negative concept "non-P" used in the paraphrases of O- and A-judgements is more problematic.
Locke, for example, is normally thought of as one of the fathers or classical liberalism and therefore as a staunch defender of the negative concept of freedom.
After Berlin, the most widely cited and best developed analyses of the negative concept of liberty include Hayek (1960), Day (1971), Oppenheim (1981), Miller (1983) and Steiner (1994).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com