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Furthermore, as suggested by Tolkamp et al. (2011) for group housed pigs, the within meal interval might be overestimated due to group-housing which leads animals to compete to access the teat and induces sucking/licking behaviour.
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During the last week of each experimental period, blood samples were taken simultaneously from the 2 catheters every 30 min and rumen fluid was collected every 60 min during 2 consecutive meal intervals.
Intervals lower than the criterion were considered as within meal intervals; otherwise they were considered as between meals.
Distribution of the logarithm of interval lengths between feeding events showed that two types of intervals were observed: 'within meal' and 'between meal' intervals.
Some visits were separated by relatively short intervals (the two lambs wanted to access the teat during the same short period of time), whereas others were separated by longer periods (between group meal intervals).
Surprisingly they are distinct from the peptidergic and aminergic systems in the hypothalamus that have been identified in studies of the laboratory mouse and rat and implicated in timing meal intervals and in short-term responses to caloric restriction.
This preference disappears when the between-meal interval is extended to 3 days.
A 15 min inter-meal interval is commonly used in defining meals in mice (Atalayer & Rowland, 2011) and rats (Farley, Cook, Spar, Austin, & Kowalski, 2003).
The start of a meal was defined by food removal equal to or larger than 0.05 g and the meal was ended when no further food removal occurred before the end of the inter-meal interval of 15 min.
A review of studies of incretins in type 1 diabetic patients during the remission phase of the disease suggested that the use of long-acting GLP-1 agonists, which modulate insulin dynamics, could help patients stick to their dietary program and maintain a normal between-meal interval (48).
An experiment with cattle and reptiles in a stable provides evidence that the species of host selected for the second blood meal in tsetse flies depends on the host encountered for the first blood meal when the between-meal interval is 2 days.
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