In addition, elite Finnish powerlifters [53] displayed lower lifespan longevities compared to the Finnish general population.
In fact, only two studies reported lower lifespan longevities in athletes relative to the controls: 812 male and female soccer players who participated in international matches for Germany between 1908 and 2006 (RSR ≤ 1) [24], and 62 male Finnish powerlifters who placed first fifth in their respective weight category in the Finnish championships between 1977 and 1982 (SMR = 4.6) [53].
This result suggests that many mutants with lower lifespan scores can feature longer CLS compared with wild-type.
During DR, lifespan increases as food levels are decreased from ad libitum conditions until reaching a maximum, beyond which further food reduction lowers lifespan (Bishop and Guarente, 2007; Mair and Dillin, 2008; Fontana et al., 2010; Alic and Partridge, 2011).
This reduction in lifespan of the morning emerging females from the selected populations can be attributed to mating and reproductive costs on survival since this lower lifespan is compensated by greater mid-life fecundity in these flies (Fig. 3).
It is possible, although clearly speculative, that the more dramatic loss of glucose control seen in males could contribute to the lower lifespan effect produced by rapamycin in males.
If such flexibility correlates with other traits (e.g. lower leaf lifespan or lower nutrient content in leaves), we would then predict cascading shifts in ecosystem properties such as decomposition and nutrient cycling.
Mutants in polarisome components and the myosin V motor protein resulted in reduced efficiency of segregation of protein aggregates and lowered replicative lifespan.
In addition to oxidative stress-induced telomere shortening, chondrocytes under chemical oxidative stress showed lower replicative lifespan and proteoglycan production as compared with normal chondrocytes in vitro.
At these lower temperatures, lifespan was only modestly increased by HT115 feeding, again consistent with results obtained with rict-1 mutants (Fig. 2C F).
Out of those in this 1914 cohort group who survived the war, its impact continued to lower their lifespan in subsequent years.
