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The results demonstrated the proposed method is effective compared to the baselines as it lowered error rates.
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It lowers errors to 20%.
It is shown that the new method systematically leads to lower error levels regardless of the type of material.
Higher sampling frequency leads to lower error in vehicle parameters estimation as shown in Table 11.
In other words, CRAMP had higher error with respect to the CPU load, but it had lower error with respect to the memory utilization.
From the symbol error rate plot, for all the test signals, it is observed that the advantage of the AW-XWVD over the conventional detector is at the low SNR range where it gives lower error rate.
SP's performance was not as good as the tree approaches (MP, UMP and NJ) under higher substitution rates, but in most of our simulations, it had lower error than the other network methods (except for topological FN).
At each succeeding iteration, i, SA randomly selects a value of Θ in the region of parameter space near the current estimate of the parameters, Θ(i ), and accepts Θ as the new estimate, Θ(i +1), if it has lower error than the current estimate.
At this point, it seems that LSM is a better minimization technique since it gives a lower error and does not use any iterative process.
Keystroke dynamics in static text requires less effort to be implemented and it also reached lower error rates in literature [11].
Specifically, when the fixed forgetting factor is small, the conventional DRLS algorithm converges faster but has a higher error floor than the LTVFF-DRLS algorithm; however, as the fixed forgetting factors increase, it converges to a lower error floor (not as good as the LTVFF-DRLS algorithm) but has slower convergence speed.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com