In a similar study by Wray and Klaine [83], an addition of amine groups to Au nanoparticles by granting them a negative surface charge resulted in higher ingestion efficiencies in D. magna.
In general, the effectiveness of AC to reduce bioaccumulation appeared to be species-specific, i.e., bioaccumulation is known to depend on the physiology and behavior of the organisms, which drive factors such as ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency, and elimination (Janssen and Beckingham [21, 96].
The ingestion increases in efficiency as the scale of the environment, the average length of the seaweed strips, grows longer.
Low growth under hypoxia in other species has been attributed to reduced rates of ingestion or assimilation efficiency or both [ 16, 39, 40].
We examined the combined effects of two factors (diet and temperature) on ingestion rate, absorption, assimilation efficiency, and gonad enhancement of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, over a 12-week period.
This may enhance efficiency in ingestion and assimilation in oysters.
In other words, the Bb-AaIT strain was capable of killing the larvae by ingesting the conidia in suspension and killing adult mosquitoes through both cuticle infection and conidia ingestion at a higher efficiency than the wild-type strain.
Figure 6 shows an increase of clustering coefficients and local efficiency after Ayahuasca ingestion.
Figure 5 shows an increase of mean geodesic distance and a decrease of global efficiency after Ayahuasca ingestion.
In order to assess digestive selection, parameters of food processing (organic ingestion rate: OIR, gross absorption efficiency: GAE and gut passage time: GPT) were recorded for each organic component in different combinations of food particles radio-labelled with 14C.
