The duration and strength of signals produced by cAMP effectors is often heavily influenced by action of a super-family of enzymes that has evolved to degrade cyclic-nucleotides, the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) [2].
For example, domestic food and energy prices are influenced by actions taken in global markets, as in Saudi Arabia's decision to boost oil production, which lowered the global oil price, resulting in lower, domestic prices for oil products.
Private attitudes and private market decisions are often a product of or influenced by state action, and state action is often a product of or influenced by private attitudes and private conduct.
It was "entirely possible for the United States to influence by its actions" this eventuality.
It is entirely possible for the United States to influence by its actions the internal developments, both within Russia and throughout the international Communist movement".
The caspase-independent apoptosis pathway, regulated by the activity of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), is also influenced by Akt action through its attenuation of AIF nuclear translocation [ 31].
The activity of CXCL12 and its receptors has been found to play a role in controlling the migration of other cortical neurons (for example, GABAergic interneurons) that are also influenced by the action of Semaphorins and their receptors22,23.
This structure has been influenced by glacial action that deepened existing valleys, both scooping out the rock basins that now contain the lakes and also, by truncating former tributary valleys, creating a number of "hanging valleys" with attractive waterfalls.
Shallow-sea sediments have their own recirculation and fluid hydrodynamics that are influenced by wave action, currents, and sediment remobilization [45] [47].
In a world increasingly influenced by human action and interaction, we still rely heavily on mapping techniques that were invented to discover unknown places and explore our physical environment.
Inspired by these two theories, this article examines the Ontario FIT case to explore at what point in time a policy window opens to allow a grassroots action to influence a policy change and whether the contingency of the policy window opening can to some degree be influenced by grassroots action.
