Those word-learning studies that involved subjects with experience in more than two languages, however, have so far not distinguished between the different influences of various factors that could characterise multilingual subjects, such as AoA, individual proficiency, or the number of languages learnt4,5.
The developmental trend is similarly demonstrated in several select individual proficiency profiles in Figure 3.
The central interest is not to obtain individual proficiency scores but to obtain population and subpopulation estimates of person proficiency, denoted by θ.
Contrasts as illustrated above can also be applied to the individual proficiency estimates to examine individual growth trajectories consistent with substantive questions.
As each person's individual proficiency θ n is considered to be a latent construct, θ is an inherently unobserved (i.e., missing) variable.
As we have shown for the EAP scores, for students showing PD, the individual proficiency scores were estimated to be higher in the mixture PD models than in the 2PLM, but the EAP scores provided by the 2PDM were closer to those estimated by the 2PLM.
There is a significant and high positive correlation between responsiveness and the individual proficiency behaviours of health workers (rs = 0.856; P < 0.01).
The results also indicate significant and high positive correlation between the individual proactive behaviours (rs = 0.759; P < 0.01), individual proficiency behaviours (rs = 0.724; P < 0.01) and the availability of health workers.
The results in Table 10 further show that there are significant and moderate correlations between the individual adaptive behaviours (rs = 0.643; P < 0.01), individual proficiency behaviours (rs = 0.562; P < 0.01) and the competence of health workers.
There is significant but low positive correlation between individual client-oriented behaviours, (rs = 0.396; P < 0.01), individual adaptive behaviours (rs = 0.343; P < 0.01), individual proactive behaviours (rs = 0.262; P < 0.01), individual proficiency behaviours (rs = 0.235; P < 0.01) and the productivity of health workers.
These included the need to reflect the complex care processes involved; the role and contribution of multiple stakeholders; long-standing inter-and intra- professional 'turf wars'; an emphasis on individual proficiency rather than team-working and a history of challenging relationships between managers and health professionals' which may interrupt successful implementation of change.
