Such mapping will, for example, reveal if certain participants are redundantly included or have been inadvertently excluded.
Although vaccination status was unknown at sampling, only 17 of the 240 sequenced viruses were sampled after initiation of Canada's vaccination campaign (including 2 redundantly-sampled, severe A/H1N1pdm patients; Figure S1).
Given the existence of multiple demethylation pathways in the zygote that may act redundantly, including replicative dilution, it may be challenging to perturb demethylation sufficiently to evaluate any transcriptional effect.
These 22 genes included end-1, which is already known to function redundantly with end-3 in the E lineage as gastrulation begins (M aduro et al. 2005), confirming the effectiveness of the screening method.
This category most likely includes genes that are redundantly regulated by GPC-A1 and GPC-B2, but that are significant only when both genes are absent.
Similarly, the 1,349 loci DE only between the WT and double gpc-A1/gpc-B2 mutants but not in the other two classes, likely include loci that are redundantly regulated by both genes, but that show significant differences in expression only when mutations in both GPC paralogs are combined.
Components appeared redundantly in different resources were excluded, and hereby a total of 369 A. oryzae genes (putative and experimentally verified) were included in our A. oryzae secretory component list, making it the most complete list so far for tracing the A. oryzae secretory machinery.
In total, 7 of the 13 redundantly repressed genes, including EDS1, have the GTGGGG(A/G/T)(A/T G motif in their promoters.
This includes assessing whether alkaline phosphatases act redundantly with Entpd3 (using the inhibitor levamisole), assessing whether other Entpds act redundantly with Entpd3 (using the nonselective Entpd inhibitor ARL67156), and assessing whether Na/K-ATPases act redundantly with Entpd3 (using ouabain to inhibit these ATPases).
In addition it enables, for example, simultaneous targeting of several sequence-related genes, including duplicate genes in polyploids or redundantly acting homologs.
This loss of context is not limited to subscription-access journals, but can be extended to all journals (including full open-access journals) publishing redundantly with PMC.
