In the sectors between the shields, there have been long periods of marine sedimentation, and consequently the shields are partly buried.
"The disparities in the sectors are real," Mr. McNamara said.
Without action, entitlements will crowd out investment in the sectors that make America grow.
Growth was pronounced in the sectors of financial services, retail, and travel and leisure.
"And you're seeing it in the sectors that you would expect.
Ministers and top officials should be forbidden from taking jobs in the sectors they were charged with regulating.
"But I would argue that there is a behavioral difference in the sectors and the three participants.
This is particularly true in the sectors that are the biggest "gas guzzlers," such as transport and electricity generation.
"But there are also more material expectations in the sectors of trade, investment, energy and defence cooperation," he added.
Its cap-and-trade system has set a carbon price and cut emissions modestly in the sectors it covers.
Its medium-sized saloons, in the sectors that account for most of the sales and profits in Europe, were flops.
