"Philanthropy can sometimes take the risk out of the equation" in undertaking the initial steps in the research, Ms. Gates said.
But the court orders, from judges in at least four cities, were just the initial steps in litigation that may last for years.
Almost all of the genomes contained glucosidases for degradation of oligosaccharides, but genes encoding the initial steps in cellulose breakdown were found in just some of the genomes (Fig. 4).
Ken Salazar, the interior secretary, said that Shell could conduct the initial steps in drilling in the Chukchi Sea, putting down as much as 1,400 feet of well casing to support the required blowout preventer, a device meant to shut down a runaway well.
The cycles have diverse functions, the primary being thymidylate synthesis (the rate limiting step in DNA synthesis), the initial steps in purine synthesis, glutathione synthesis, and a host of methyl transfer reactions that include DNA and histone methylation.
The discovery of the missing archaeal 6-HMDP synthesis genes completes the picture for the initial steps in the pterin pathways in the third kingdom of life.
WRN was specifically required for the repair of MMR-generated DSB through its involvement in the activation of the initial steps in homologous recombination, leading to the formation of RAD51 foci.
Furthermore, in long-established obligate parasites, the initial steps in their developmental evolution are often obscured by their lengthy evolutionary divergence from free-living outgroups.
The initial steps in starch breakdown depend in part on the activity of α-glucan phosphorylase, a PLP-dependent enzyme, which mediates the release of glucose-1-phosphate from α-1,4-linked glucan chains [ 26, 27].
However, our current experimental data clearly suggest that binding of LPS to the LPS receptors CD14 and TLR4 appears to be the initial steps in LPS-induced increase in proliferation.
