In the commercialization of university knowledge, spin-off companies can act as intermediaries.
In the commercialization of Bacillus-based bio-products, high spore yields in bioreaction with less cost are preferred in industrial exploitation (Chen et al. 2010; Khardziani et al. 2017; Lalloo et al. 2009; Posada-Uribe et al. 2015).
Vonage, which went public last year, was a pioneer in the commercialization of the technology.
Opposing sides in the commercialization debate drew different lessons from the episode.
The announcement, analysts say, is a significant step in the commercialization of the emerging technology of stream computing.
A major hurdle in the commercialization of the fuel-cell car is the need for networks of hydrogen stations in potential deployment markets, including California.
"It would be hypocritical for a researcher to say, 'I'm outraged that patients are interested in the commercialization of their tissue' while at the same time the researcher has his name on 15 patents," Professor Merges said.
"For the first time in the history of computing, all of the computing platforms spoke the same language," said Allan H. Weis, a veteran I.B.M. researcher who played a crucial role in the commercialization effort.
Manufacturing, though in its infancy, responded to the new markets, while the creation of an internal market for food was crucial in the commercialization of agriculture and the spread of African cash crop production.
Experienced entrepreneurs are directly involved in the commercialization of innovations.
For many, this is reason enough to invest in the commercialization of space.
